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Bite inhibition
Bite inhibition, sometimes referred to as a soft mouth (a term which also has a distinct meaning), is a behavior in carnivorans (dogs, cats,〔(Domestic Animal Behavior (4th edition) ) by Katherine A. Houpt, Wiley-Blackwell Publications, 2005〕 etc.) whereby the animal learns to moderate the strength of its bite. It is an important factor in the socialization of pets.〔(Before & After Getting Your Puppy: The Positive Approach to Raising a Happy, Healthy, & Well-Behaved Dog ) by Ian Dunbar, New World Library, 2004〕
Bite inhibition is typically learned as part of juvenile play behaviors, when the animal is still in the company of its mother and siblings: by biting each other during play, the young animals learn that biting a companion too strongly leads to the abrupt termination of play activities.〔(The Everything Dog Obedience Book: from bad dog to good dog -- a step-by-step guide to curbing misbehavior ) by Jennifer Bridwell, F+W Publications, 2007〕
Bite inhibition is an important factor in the socialization of pets because many breeds do not innately have the ability to monitor the strength of their bites. In addition to its role in domestication, bite inhibition is also a significant part of the development of dominance hierarchy in wild animals such as wolves.
== Evolution of Bite Inhibition in Modern Dogs ==
Modern dogs learn bite inhibition for the same reason that their ancestors, the wolves, did: in order to establish an effective dominance hierarchy. Dominance hierarchy is a term which describes the "pecking order" in groups of animals. It allows for tranquility in large groups when each individual knows its place. Dominance hierarchies are formed in groups of canines through intense displays of aggression. However, this type of vying for dominance has only been observed in forced groupings of captive wolves. In the wild, this trend is less common, as wolves tend to group off into family units instead of unrelated adults. Therefore, the alpha male and alpha female would simply be the parents, and the offspring would submit readily. Bite inhibition, then, naturally occurs as the pups learn not to bite their siblings and parents too hard.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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